Peptide Intelligence

Modified fragment of hGH amino acids 176-191. Developed as a lipolytic agent mimicking GH's fat-metabolizing effects without affecting blood glucose or IGF-1. Phase 2 trials showed modest weight loss. Abandoned by developer but remains available in peptide form.

Not a single peptide — this entry documents the clinical stack of AOD-9604 (GH fragment 176-191) combined with a GHRP (typically Ipamorelin). The combination provides both direct fat metabolism signaling (AOD-9604) and GH pulse amplification (GHRP) for enhanced body composition results.

First oral GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Novo Nordisk. Small molecule peptide that can be taken orally rather than injected. Combines GLP-1 receptor agonist activity with amylin receptor agonist effects. Phase 2 demonstrated 13.1% weight loss over 36 weeks with oral dosing.

16-amino acid peptide encoded in mitochondrial 12S rRNA. Discovered by Pinchas Cohen (USC) in 2015. Regulates metabolic homeostasis via AMPK pathway. Improves insulin sensitivity, promotes fat oxidation. Exercise mimetic — skeletal muscle expression increases with physical activity.

Triple agonist at GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors. Most advanced obesity peptide in clinical trials — up to 24% weight loss in Phase 2. Developed by Eli Lilly as the successor to tirzepatide. Activates GLP-1 for appetite suppression, GIP for metabolic enhancement, and glucagon receptor for increased energy expenditure.

FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes (Ozempic) and chronic weight management (Wegovy 2.4mg weekly). Mean 14.9-16.8% body weight loss in STEP trials.

First dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist. Superior weight loss vs GLP-1 RAs alone. Up to 22.5% weight loss in SURMOUNT-1. Approved for T2DM (Mounjaro) and obesity (Zepbound).

Anti-inflammatory peptide that reduces interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in skin cells. Used in premium skincare for skin calming, redness reduction, and fine line improvement. Acetyl group enhances skin penetration.

Human plasma tripeptide (Gly-His-Lys) bound to copper 2+. Declines with age. Stimulates collagen, tightens skin, reduces wrinkles/fine lines, promotes wound healing. Topical and injectable forms.

Tripeptide (Ala-His-Lys) derived from laminin, a key basement membrane protein. Promotes cell adhesion, migration, and wound healing. Stimulates collagen I and III synthesis, upregulates integrin expression. Used in cosmetic formulations and wound healing applications. Mimics laminin's cell-binding domain.

Collagen-stimulating peptide used in cosmetic and clinical dermatology. Palmitoyl modification allows penetration through lipid bilayers. Signals fibroblasts to produce collagen types I, III, and IV. Used topically and via mesotherapy for skin rejuvenation and wound healing.

15-AA synthetic peptide from human gastric juice protein. Strongest preclinical evidence for tissue healing: muscle, tendon, ligament, bone, gut, neuro. No RCTs yet.

Synthetic thymosin β4 fragment. Promotes angiogenesis, tissue repair, cell migration, reduces fibrosis. WADA banned. Popular in sports/bodybuilding.

43-AA endogenous peptide in most tissues. Promotes cell migration, angiogenesis, wound healing, anti-inflammatory. Not WADA banned. Engineered versions showing promise in diabetic wound healing.

Synthetic hirudin-derived peptide that directly inhibits thrombin. Parent drug (Angiomax) FDA-approved for anticoagulation in PCI. The peptide fragment retains thrombin-binding properties. Research applications in angiogenesis and tissue healing.

Synthetic GHRH(1-29) with MPA modification. Stimulates pulsatile GH release. Often paired with Ipamorelin for synergistic effect. WADA banned.

Dickkopf-related protein 3 — a secreted protein that modulates Wnt signaling pathway. Emerging research shows role in tissue regeneration, kidney protection, and metabolic regulation. Peptide fragments being explored for GH axis modulation and tissue repair.

Synthetic hexapeptide growth hormone secretagogue. Potent GH release stimulator — more potent than GHRP-6 in GH release but with moderate appetite stimulation. Does not significantly elevate cortisol or prolactin. WADA banned. Used in GH deficiency diagnosis and off-label for anti-aging.

Synthetic hexapeptide, one of the first GH secretagogues developed. Potent GH releaser with significant appetite stimulation. Elevates cortisol and prolactin more than other GHRPs. WADA banned. Strong hunger effect makes it useful for patients needing appetite stimulation alongside GH release.

Synthetic hexapeptide GH secretagogue, the most potent GHRP for GH release. Developed by Europeptides. Produces the largest GH pulse of any GHRP. Cardiac regenerative potential demonstrated in preclinical models. WADA banned. Significant cortisol and prolactin elevation with chronic use — limits long-term utility.

Selective ghrelin mimetic. Stimulates GH release without affecting cortisol or appetite as much as other GHRPs. Often paired with CJC-1295. WADA banned.

Synthetic form of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) consisting of the first 29 amino acids. FDA-approved for diagnostic use in growth hormone deficiency. Off-label used for GH optimization, anti-aging, and body composition. Stimulates pituitary GH release in a physiological pulsatile pattern.

FDA-approved GHRH analog for HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Stimulates endogenous GH, reduces visceral adipose tissue ~15%. Off-label aesthetic body contouring potential.

FDA-approved for HSDD in premenopausal women. Works centrally (MC4R), not hormonally — unique mechanism vs PDE5 inhibitors or hormones.

Synthetic analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Originally developed at University of Arizona as a sunless tanning agent. Found to cause spontaneous erections in male trial subjects, leading to development for erectile dysfunction. Also promotes skin pigmentation via melanocortin-1 receptor activation.

Mixture of neurotrophic peptides and amino acids. Approved in Europe/Asia for stroke, dementia, TBI. Crosses BBB. Not FDA-approved but available through specialty pharmacies.

NEUROPROTECTIVE peptide mixture derived from porcine brain proteins. Contains low-molecular-weight peptides and free amino acids. Approved in 40+ countries for stroke, TBI, and dementia. Not FDA-approved in the US but available through compounding. Mimics NGF and BDNF activity.

Synthetic fragment of neurotensin — a 13-amino acid neurotransmitter. Modulates dopamine signaling, has neuroprotective properties, and regulates intestinal motility. Research applications in neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric conditions.

Synthetic heptapeptide developed at Institute of Molecular Genetics (Russia), combining tuftsin fragment (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg) with a stabilization sequence. FDA-equivalent approved in Russia as nasal drops. Anxiolytic and nootropic. Stabilizes enkephalins, modulates IL-6, influences BDNF and GABA systems.

Synthetic heptapeptide (ACTH(4-10) analog) developed at Moscow State University. Approved in Russia for stroke, TBI, cognitive disorders, and optic nerve disease. Normalizes BDNF, enhances neuroplasticity, crosses BBB via intranasal delivery. One of the most studied nootropic peptides.

Synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) developed by Vladimir Khavinson. Activates telomerase in human cells, extending replicable lifespan in vitro. Preclinical evidence for pineal epithalamin mimicry. Clinical studies show reduced mortality in elderly patients and improved melatonin regulation.

Combination protocol pairing Epithalon (telomere support) with Thymosin Alpha-1 (immune restoration). Designed for comprehensive anti-aging — addressing both cellular aging (telomeres) and immune aging (thymic involution). Popular in longevity-focused peptide clinics.

Follistatin is a potent myostatin (GDF-8) and activin inhibitor. Animal knockout models show dramatic muscle hypertrophy. Clinically used in muscular dystrophy trials. Binds and neutralizes myostatin → removes the 'brake' on muscle growth. Also inhibits activin → may affect reproductive hormones.

First 34 amino acids of human growth hormone — retains the lipolytic and anabolic properties of full-length GH without the diabetogenic effects. Discovered by C.H. Li in the 1970s. Does not significantly raise IGF-1 levels, making it safer for long-term use.

Modified IGF-1 with 13-amino acid extension (Long) and Arg substitution at position 3 (R3). 10x longer half-life than native IGF-1 (~20-30 hrs vs ~12 hrs). Reduced binding to IGFBPs → enhanced bioavailability. Promotes muscle growth, tissue repair, neuroprotection.

PEGylated form of Mechano Growth Factor (IGF-1Ec), a splice variant of IGF-1 expressed in response to mechanical stimulation. PEGylation extends half-life from minutes to ~48-72 hours. Promotes satellite cell activation and muscle repair. WADA banned.

Synthetic peptide that activates macrophages and enhances innate immune response. Used in research for chronic infections, immune deficiency, and as an adjuvant in cancer immunotherapy. Stimulates phagocytosis and cytokine production.

Synthetic pentapeptide (RKDVY) corresponding to the active site of thymopoietin. Modulates immune function by promoting T-cell differentiation and maturation. Used in research for immune deficiency, chronic infections, and as an adjunct in cancer immunotherapy.

28-AA peptide from thymosin fraction 5. Immune modulator. Approved in 30+ countries (not FDA-approved). Used for hepatitis B/C, immune support, cancer adjunct. Restores immune balance in liver failure.

Zinc-dependent nonapeptide produced by thymic epithelial cells. Essential for T-cell maturation and differentiation. Declines with age (thymic involution). Restores immune function in aged and immunocompromised models. Requires zinc for biological activity. Studied in autoimmune diseases and immune senescence.